Akhalkalak :: ARMENIAN LOCATIONS

11 c․ 52 Monuments

Georgia (Country) / Javakhk (District) / Akhalkalak (District) / Akhalkalak (District Centre)

Location

Throughout many centuries, Akhalkalak’s favourable geographical position has made it the centre of Javakhk from all standpoints (administrative, political, economic, cultural, etc.). Although at present it is merely the centre of the district of the same name, it remains as the chief and most populous place in Javakhk. It is situated on a cape-shaped table-land extending in the area between the rivers Parvana and Karasnakn (Gherkhbulagh), at an altitude of 1,690 metres above sea level.

Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 53.

The newly-established city, which is adjacent to the site of the older one in the south, occupies the table-land (it is 2 kilometres long and a kilometre wide) lying between the aforementioned rivers.

Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 62.

Historical Introduction
11 c․

It is generally accepted to trace the foundation of the fortress city of Akhalkalak to the early 11th century. In the days of Georgian King Bagrat III (1008 to 1012), the gates and towers of the city were built. Bagrat IV (1044 to 1047) continued its fortification by erecting its ramparts: “He constructed the city walls of Akhalkalak, for his mother Mariam was Armenian King Senacherim’s daughter...”

«Համառօտ պատմութիւն Վրաց ընծայեալ Ջուանշէրի պատմըչի», Վենետիկ, 1884, էջ 112: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 53.

1064 y․

Two decades later, in 1064 Seljuk invader Alp-Aslan devastated Akhalkalak with his army of 100,000: “…he encamped in the district called Jawakhk’ and vehemently besieged the town of Akhalk’alak. By a violent assault he captured Akhalk’alak and mercilessly slaughtered all the inhabitants with the sword down to the last man and woman, butchering all the priests, monks, and nobles. The whole town was filled with blood, and the Turks led innumerable young boys and girls into captivity to Persia; moreover, they took [with them] treasures of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls, amounting to an incalculable sum.”

Մանր ժամանակագրություններ, հ. Բ, կազմ.` Հակոբյան Վ. Ա., Երևան, 1956, էջ 133, (“...and again came and took Akhalkalak with 100,000 [troops]...”). The conquest of Akhalkalak by Alp-Aslan is also mentioned in Samuel Anetsy’s work: “...[he] also occupied Akhalkalak” (quoted from: Սամուէլի քահանայի Անեցւոյ հաւաքմունք ի գրոց պատմագրաց, Վաղարշապատ, 1893, էջ 112). The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa. Translated from the Original Armenian with a Commentary and Introduction by Ara Edmond Dostourian. University Press of America. USA, 1993, pp. 101-102. Another record states the following in connection with the same events: “In 1064 Sultan Arp-Aslan captured Akhalkalak and Ani...” (Մանր ժամանակագրություններ, հ. Բ, կազմ.` Հակոբյան Վ. Ա., Երևան, 1956, էջ 502). Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 53.

1175 y․

In 1175 Seljuk War-Lord Yeltkuz, who had raided a number of districts and cities in Northern Armenia, spread ruin and depredation in Akhalkalak as well: “In 1175 Atabak Yeltkuz came, besieged Ani, and destroyed a great many churches in Shirak. Similarly he devastated Akhalkaghak and Javakhet and returned to Dvin, where he died...”

Մանր ժամանակագրություններ, հ. Բ, կազմ.` Հակոբյան Վ. Ա., Երևան, 1956, էջ 500: Also see Ժամանակագրութիւն Ստեփաննոսի Օրբէլեանի, Երևան, 1942, էջ 18: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, pp. 53-54.

1291 y․

The name of Akhalkalak City is mentioned in a 14-line inscription (1291) engraved on the western facade of a cut-in-rock church in the medieval Armenian city of Ani.

«Դիվան հայ վիմագրության», պրակ 1, կազմ.` Հ. Ա. Օրբելի, Երևան, 1966, էջ 68: The intelligible part of this semi-distorted inscription gives us grounds to suppose that it relates to an Armenian church built in Akhalkalak in the year mentioned in it: «ԿԱՄԱ[ՒՆ] ԱՅ. | ՊԱՐՈՆՈՒ|ԹԵԱՆ ԱԹԱՊ|ԱԿ ԱՄԻՐՍՊԱՍ|ԱԼԱՐ ՇԱՀԻՆՇԱՀԻ. | ԵՍ ՔՈՐԳԻ ԿԵՆԱՅԿԻՑ | ԻՄ ՍԹԷԷՍ ԿԱՏԱ[Ր|Ե]ՑԱՔ ՄԵՐ ՀԱԼԱԼ ԱՐԴ|ԵԱՆ[Ց] ԶԵԿԵՂԵՑ[ԻՍ]... ԱԽԷԼՔԱՂԱՔ|[ԻՍ...ԹՈՒԻՆ] :ՉԽ: ՍԱՐԳ[ԻՍ]» (transl.: “By the will of God, in the days of Atabak Amirspasalar Shahinshah, I, Korgi, [and] my spouse Stes built this church... of Akhelkaghak with our honestly-earned means in the year 740 (1291). Sargis”). Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 54.

1484 y․

Akhalkalak also suffered devastation in 1484: this time the invaders were led by Mongol Shah Yaghub, who took away many of the local inhabitants as captives.

Մելիքսեթ-Բեկ Լ., Վրաց աղբյուրները Հայաստանի և հայերի մասին, հ. Գ, էջ 72: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 54.

1637 — 1828 yy․

The year 1637 marked the establishment of Turkish domination in Akhalkalak, which had seen huge multitudes of conquerors, but had been able to revive every time after these incursions. Now the Christian population of the city and the entire district in general (the Armenians and Georgians) faced the threat of forced Islamisation. They lived under these harsh conditions until the early 19th century, when the Russians finally occupied Akhalkalak (1828) after several unsuccessful attempts.

Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 54.

1831 y․

The newly-arrived inhabitants of the fortress city, which lay totally ruined after the Russo-Turkish war, found it inexpedient to rebuild it—instead, in 1831 they founded a new city of a regular plan south-east of it and naturally named it Akhalkalak after the once existing city.

Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, pp. 54-56.

1831 y․

Being established in 1831, Nor Akhalkalak was granted the status of a city in 1845, but it did not serve as an administrative centre. Parallel with its gradual development, in the second half of the 19th century, Akhalkalak periodically changed its statuses: “In the same year [1874 - S. K.], Akhalkalak became a district city of the third class, but in 1890 it turned into a second-class one, and was finally granted municipal autonomy in 1896.” Arshak Christopher Grigoriants, who died in 1905, is mentioned as the City Elder from this year (1896) onwards. Despite its self-government, in 1905 “...we find the city right in the same conditions as some ten or twenty years ago. Again [we see] the same dusty and filthy streets without water and pavement, and bare of vegetation, although it nestles between two abundant rivers and among many springs.”

“Кавказский календарь на 1852 г.”, Тифлис, 1851, стр. 294 (the original reads: ”В 1845 году образовался здесь город и с Высочайшого утверждения возведен на степень заштатнаго, с учреждением Полицейского Управления и в ведении Полицейского Коммисара. С того времени город значительно стал расширяться постройками”). Էփրիկեան Հ. Ս., Պատկերազարդ բնաշխարհիկ բառարան, հ. Ա, Վենետիկ, 1903-1905, էջ 66: “Новое обозрение”, 1905, N 150. Տէր-Յակովբեանց, Ախալքալաքի ներկայ վիճակը.– «Արշալոյս», 1906, N 6, էջ 3: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 62.

Population
1831 y․

The first inhabitants of Nor Akhalkalak arrived in the city in 1831: “...in 1831 several Armenians [several Armenian families - S. K.] came from Akhaltskha and built a coffee-house with a bakery and several dwelling-places in the south of the castle. Gradually they were joined by other families and thus laid the foundations of a small village...” In the course of the decades that followed, a small number of representatives of other nationalities (Russians, Jews, Georgians, Greeks, etc.) took up residence in Akhalkalak, which represented a purely Armenian village at the very beginning of its establishment. Like the Armenians, these people were resettlers here. Thus, the Jews had come from Akhaltskha: “...[it] comprises a population of about 600 houses which are all inhabited by Apostolic Armenians, with the exception of several Jewish families which have come from Akhaltskha...” The Jews even had their own quarter in Akhalkalak: “The northern quarter of the city, which is mostly populated by Jews and Boshas, does not add to its beauty at all. ...The cholera took away between 60 and 65 lives from this part of the city, where you can hardly find 50 to 60 houses, whereas the other quarters did not suffer a single loss...” “Akhalkalak can be considered a purely Armenian city with a population of 5,000, where the representatives of other nationalities hardly amount to one hundred...” Nevertheless, in the course of time, the percentage of the Armenians constantly decreased, as compared to the foreigners. This is evident from the available statistical records relating to several years.

Էփրիկեան Հ. Ս., Պատկերազարդ բնաշխարհիկ բառարան, հ. Ա, Վենետիկ, 1903-1905, էջ 66: «Մշակ», 1878, N 134, էջ 1: «Նոր-Դար», 1894, N 130, էջ 2-3: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.

Name Origin

Dwelling upon the etymology of the name of Akhalkalak, Vardan Areveltsy writes: “...[New City] which the Georgians call Axal-k'alak'...”

Vardan Arewelts'i's Compilation of History. Available at: http://rbedrosian.com/va1.htm. Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 53.

Construction Activity
1884 y․

In 1884 the third-class city of Akhalkalak was described as follows: “The buildings of the city are of stone and mortar; many of them are constructed of finely-dressed stone. They are separated from each other with large, regular streets.” Another, more detailed record, dating from the early 1890s, states: “Akhalkalak has seven quite wide and regular streets intersected by another six ones that are shorter. With the exception of a single one, the other streets are not paved so that there is no lack of heavy dust and mud. On the whole, the houses represent single-floor low buildings of stone, and almost all of them are outwardly whitewashed. In the east stand double-floor large and small barracks.”

«Արձագանք», 1885, N 3, էջ 42: Էփրիկեան Հ. Ս., Պատկերազարդ բնաշխարհիկ բառարան, հ. Ա, Վենետիկ, 1903-1905, էջ 66: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 62.

1880 y․

In 1880 wide-scale tree-planting was carried out in the city, after which its Public Garden came into being: “...that is surrounded with trees and has a pergola. There is no spring or basin, and the small number of trees growing there receive water from a well.”

Էփրիկեան Հ. Ս., Պատկերազարդ բնաշխարհիկ բառարան, հ. Ա, Վենետիկ, 1903-1905, էջ 67: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 62.

Waterwork
19 c․

In the late 19th century, Akhalkalak, which represented a city of almost 6,000 inhabitants, received drinking water only from the local springs: “Four magnificent springs, running in the gorges, provide the city with water. There also exist several wells, but their water is not potable.” In order to settle the issue of the water supply of Akhalkalak, in 1895 a project was made up with an estimate of 27,000 roubles for the conveyance of the water of Ablar’s springs—located within about 3 kilometres—to the city.

“Кавказский календарь на 1854 г.”, Тифлис, 1853, էջ 68: «Նոր-Դար», 1895, N 54, էջ 3: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 62.

1903 y․

According to another project, worked out in 1903 and requiring an estimate of 4,000 roubles, the waters of the tributary Karasnakn were to be conveyed to Akhalkalak by the application of a self-flowing system. However, a record of 1913 reveals that neither of these projects was implemented: “As is known, our city towers on a rock. From three sides, it is surrounded with defiles through which run the stream Taparvan and the so-called tributary Gherkhbulagh. From the east, the former receives the water of Kulikam, which is clean and can be used both for drinking and other purposes. However, there is absolutely no water in the city proper: many attempts have been made to trace underground water channels and build wells, but in vain. First and foremost, our city needs to have potable water right within its boundaries. Which of us is unaware of the harsh difficulties the citizens have to face while getting water from the gorge of Gherkhbulagh. The inhabitants of the city have to suffer great expenses to get their drinking water: if we count the amount spent on potable water, we shall get rather a large sum. In order to help the citizens avoid the heavy costs connected with the procurement of potable water alone, steps should be taken for the bringing of pure water from the gorge within as little time as possible, so as to put an end to the unbearable sufferings the citizens go through, especially in the severe frost of winter.”

“Кавказ”, 1903, N 179. Մալխասեան Մ., Ջրի պահանջը Ախալքալաքում.– «Ջաւախք», 1913, N 26, էջ 207: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, pp. 62-63.

1914 y․

Once again the issue of the spring waters of Ablar was touched upon in 1914, when the City Elder invited architect Mikhailov and Arshak Babov, one of the members of the Municipal Council of Tiflis, to study the possibilities of the implementation of this project right on the spot: “The respectable guests examined the rich springs of Ablar, whence water is planned to be conveyed. According to the report made by the engineers, Ablar has fine-quality, salubrious water. They pledged themselves to elaborate the necessary projects and other documents until the coming summer so that they would be submitted for approval. The conveyance of water, as well as the construction of the sewerage system and a bath-house will take only some 100,000 roubles. Although Akhalkalak cannot afford to carry out this project with its own means, it will take a loan or apply to private benefactors.”

«Ջաւախք», 1914, N 9, էջ 70: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.

Description

At the south-eastern extremity of the city, at an altitude of 1,883 metres above sea level towers Mount Tashvanka. At its city-facing foot extends an Armenian cemetery with a great number of tombstones and mortuary houses dating from the 19th to 20th centuries.

Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 62.

1851 y․

From the year 1851 onwards, a fair annually opened in Akhalkalak between 1 and 15 September.

“Кавказский календарь на 1854 г.”, Тифлис, 1853, էջ 220: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 62.

Monuments

In the course of time, various monuments were erected in Akhalkalak in memory of outstanding Armenian personalities. The most significant among them are the monuments dedicated to Mesrop Mashtots (standing near the local House of Culture; sculpted by A. Kochar); Archbishop Karapet Bagratuny (cast of metal and placed in the yard of Sourb Khach Church in 2000; sculpted by Levon Grigorian), Derenik Demirjian, Jivany and others.

Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 76.

Type Photo
View General
Author Samvel Karapetyan
Source Black-and-white negative
Date 1988 — 1989 yy․

Type Photo
View Exterior
Author Samvel Karapetyan
Source Black-and-white negative
Date 20 c․

The city early in the 20th century.

Population:

Dates	Armenians	Georgians	Other Nationalities	Total	Notes	Source
1830	805	5		810	The Armenians formed 99.4 % of the population, the foreigners 0.6 %.	“Кавказский календарь на 1850 г.”, Тифлис, 1849, էջ 36: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1851	2599		76	2675	The Armenians formed 97.1 % of the population, the foreigners 2.8 %.	“Кавказский календарь на 1852 г.”, Тифлис, 1851, էջ 293, 295: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1865				2260		А. К-дзе, Этническое состояние Грузии в XIX веке.– “Тифлисский Листок”, 1900, N 61. Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1883	2811	24	285	3120	The Armenians formed 90.1 % of the population, the Georgians 0.7 %, the foreigners 9.1 %.	“Кавказский календарь на 1885 г.”, Тифлис, 1884, էջ 204: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1886	4083	45	175	4303	The Armenians formed 94.9 % of the population, the Georgians 1.0 %, the foreigners 4.0 %.	“Кавказский календарь на 1897 г.”, Тифлис, 1896, էջ 52-53: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1896				5303		“Кавказский календарь на 1898 г.”, Тифлис, 1897, էջ 22-23: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1897				5443		А. К-дзе, Этническое состояние Грузии в XIX веке.– “Тифлисский Листок”, 1900, N 61. Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1902	5210	91	192	5493	The Armenians formed 94.8 % of the population, the Georgians 1.6 %, the foreigners 3.5 %.	“Известия Закавказскаго Статисческаго Комитета”, т. 1, N 2, Тифлис, 1904, էջ 80-81: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1905	5775	158	339	6272	The Armenians formed 92.1 % of the population, the Georgians 2.5 %, the foreigners 5.4 %.	“Кавказский календарь на 1908 г.”, Тифлис, 1907, էջ 325: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1916	6151			7055	The Armenians formed 87.2 % of the population.	“Кавказский календарь на 1917 г.”, Тифлис, 1916, էջ 190-193: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.
1979	10278	506	2440	13224	As attested by the Municipal Council, the Amenenins formed 77.7 % of the population, the Georgians 3.8 %, the foreigners 18.5 %.	Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 63.

It is noteworthy that there is certain discrepancy between the numbers provided by the state and parochial sources with reference to some years (1851, 1883, 1886, 1902, 1905):

Dates	Armenian Houses	Armenians (Male)	Armenians (Female)	Total (Armenians)	Notes	Source
1841		572	510	1082		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3802, թ. 62-63: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1842		598	521	1119		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3805, թ. 76-77: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1844		644	560	1204		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3809, թ. 13-14: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1845		650	610	1260		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3811, թ. 70-71: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1847		640	624	1264		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3814, թ. 34: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1849		704	712	1416		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3818, թ. 40: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1851	193	553	534	1087		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 56, ց. 1, գ. 2596, թ. 26-27: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1853		774	785	1559		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 2743, թ. 39-40: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1854		791	793	1584		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3825, թ. 49-50: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1857		898	996	1894		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3830, թ. 52-53: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1860	320	1025	1020	2045		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3833, թ. 65-66: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1861		1032	1014	2046		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3839, թ. 23-24: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1862		1066	1045	2111		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3836, թ. 20-21: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1863		1084	1068	2152		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3843, թ. 20-21: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1864	327	1117	1107	2224		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3846, թ. 8-9: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1865		1147	1116	2263		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3848, թ. 11-12: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1866	401	1142	1113	2255		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3848, թ. 74: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1867		1214	1180	2394		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3851, թ. 20-21: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1868		1248	1211	2459		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3853, թ. 27: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1869		1244	1232	2476		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3856, թ. 9: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1870		1285	1253	2538		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3857, թ. 23: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1871		1317	1301	2618		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3858, թ. 10: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1872		1355	1333	2688		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3859, թ. 56-57: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1873		1391	1369	2760		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3862, թ. 70-71: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1875				2813		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3866, թ. 19-20: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1876		1456	1451	2907		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3868, թ. 29-30: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1877		1600	1489	3089		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3869, թ. 28-29: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1878		1634	1544	3178		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3850, թ. 217-218: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1880		1745	1644	3389		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3872, թ. 86-87: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1881		1720	1636	3356		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3873, թ. 96-97: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1882		1753	1698	3451		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3874, թ. 42-43: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1883		1881	1715	3596		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3875, թ. 47-48: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1884	600					«Արձագանք», 1885, N 3, էջ 42: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1886		1953	1758	3711		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3878, թ. 11-12: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1887		2083	1877	3960		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3880, թ. 39-40: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1889		2181	1850	4031		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3884, թ. 64-65: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1890		2227	1886	4113		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3887, թ. 143: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1891		2272	1946	4218		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3889, թ. 142: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1892		2275	1937	4212		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3891, թ. 114: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1893		2282	1945	4227		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3895, թ. 41-42: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1894		2320	1963	4283		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3896, թ. 167-168: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1897		2449	2105	4554		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3899, թ. 140-141: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1898		2510	2167	4677		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3897, թ. 162: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1899		2537	2206	4743		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3903, թ. 93-94: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1900		2571	2233	4804		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3905, թ. 55: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1901		2627	2296	4923		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3906, թ. 67: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1902		2648	2316	4964		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3907, թ. 16-17: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1905		2771	2453	5324		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3912, թ. 259-260: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1906		2771	2453	5324		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3915, թ. 20: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1908	730	2827	2514	5341		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 35, ց. 1, գ. 559, թ. 42: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1910		2928	2600	5528		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3917, թ. 134-135: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1912		2990	2654	5644		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 53, ց. 1, գ. 3920, թ. 17-18: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1914		3062	2693	5755	According to another statistical source, Akhalkalak had 7,484 inhabitants (“Кавказский календарь на 1915 г.”, Тифлис, 1914 էջ 83).	Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 56, ց. 6, գ. 1020, թ. 170-171: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1916		3071	2700	5771		Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 196, ց. 1, գ. 43, թ. 17-18: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1921		500	400	900	According to Beno Gvaramadze, one of the pupils of Akhalkalak’s 10-year Georgian school, in 1933 the city had only 4 Georgian families: the Beridzes, the Gvaramadzes, the Mikeladzes (we failed to find out the name of the other family). See ბერძენიშვილი ნ., նշվ. աշխ., էջ 109.	Հայաստանի ազգային դիվան, (National Archives of Armenia), ֆ. 355, ց. 1, գ. 895, թ. 1: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1979				10278		According to the information provided by the Municipal Council. Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.
1991				15800		საქართველო ენციკლოპედია, ტ. 1, თბილისი, 1997, էջ 287: Karapetian. Samvel, Javakhk, Yerevan, 2011, p. 64.